They 1st remove the overburden the soil and rock above the deposit. In most types of surface mining, heavy paraphernalia's such as earthmovers are utilized. Surface mines are naturally extended until either the valuable deposit is exhausted, or the cost of de-cresting larger volumes of overburden makes further mining an uneconomic option to shoulder. Where ever minerals occur deep below the earth's crust or the overburden is too thick or the mineral occurs as strands in hard rock, Underground mining methods are employed to extract the valuable mineral deposits. Surface mining is basically employed when deposits of commercially viable minerals or rock are found closer to the surface that is, where overstrain (surface material covering the valuable deposit) is relatively very less or the material of interest is structurally unsuitable for heavy handling or tunneling (as would usually be the case for sand, cinder, and gravel). It is the other way of underground mining, in which the overlying rock is left behind, and the required mineral deposits are removed through shafts or tunnels. Surface mining is a form of mining in which the soil and the rock covering the mineral deposits are removed.
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